Task 5. (13 points)
Read paragraphs 1-7 of the article and match them with the most suitable heading
(A-H) by putting the right letter in the boxes (5.1. - 5.7.). There is one extra heading
which you do not need to use.
Then, answer questions 5.8. - 5.13. by putting the right number of the paragraph (1-7)
in the appropriate box. Some of the paragraphs may be chosen more than once.
For each correct answer you will be given 1 point.
A
COUNTING THE ALMOST IMPERCEPTIBLE
B
DIGITAL INTERROGATION
C
A SUBTLER OPTION
D
INFALLIBLE SOFTWARE
E
NOT ONLY SECURITY-BOUND
F
FINDING POINTS TO PONDER
G
FROM IDEA TO PRACTICE
H
MAN’S FINAL SAY
Paragraph 1.
5.1.
When James J. Newberry started doing police work in California 30 years ago, questioning
suspects often amounted to one thing: tossing the guy against the wall. ‘I decided there had
to be a kinder, gentler way,’ he says. Newberry began studying the faces of the people he was
interrogating. He got so good at picking liars from truth tellers that psychologist Paul Ekman,
of the University of California, San Francisco, began studying Newberry in the late ’80s. His
talent, it turned out, was for detecting those faint or fleeting expressions in a suspect’s face
that seemed inconsistent with what he was saying. Ekman called them “microexpressions.”
Paragraph 2.
5.2.
Since then, Ekman has been teaching law-enforcement officers how to catch
microexpressions and has written a book about them - ‘Emotions Revealed.’ He even trained
Newberry to get perfect scores for recognizing liars on videotape. Now the U.S. Defense
Department and the CIA are funding work to incorporate Ekman’s research into software
that will analyze certain facial movements captured by digital cameras.
Paragraph 3.
5.3.
Terry Sejnowski, a neurobiologist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, wants
to develop an airport-security system that in a few years could notify airport workers
of peculiarities around your lips (suppressed anger, perhaps?) while you’re answering
questions. Sejnowski envisions an airport kiosk like the ones that now print out boarding
passes. You’d press a button for your native language, and the computer would ask you
a series of questions. If you showed any unusual or unexpected expression it would come
to the attention of a security official.
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Paragraph 4.
5.4.
Ordinary observation just isn’t up to the task of catching liars. Judges, therapists and spies
do no better than chance when asked to identify liars on videotape. In the 1970s Ekman
developed a numbering technique - the Facial Action Coding System - for the movements
of facial muscles. Narrowing your lips is 23; tightening a lip corner is 14. While recording
these details, he observed expressions that flash across the face in as little as a 20th
of a second.
Paragraph 5.
5.5.
Ekman guessed that certain gifted people who were good at catching lies noticed
microexpressions without realizing it. So he sought out stars in law enforcement, including
Newberry, tested their performance and honed their instincts with training. Seeing lies isn’t
easy. There’s no single telltale expression - the key is seeing inconsistencies and making
measured judgements about them. Texas Ranger David Maxwell, one of Ekman’s star
instructors, has seen murderers show microexpressions of happiness while professing grief.
Or the wife of a murdered man might flash a microexpression of happiness while inwardly
recalling her honeymoon. The expression is only a clue to ask more questions, Maxwell says.
Paragraph 6.
5.6.
Is it prudent to relegate such subtle judgements to software? Some people seem to think so.
Software developed at Carnegie Mellon now recognizes 20 facial movements
with an accuracy of 80 percent or better. But judging when an expression is inconsistent
with other behavior is tricky. Airline passengers with a tendency to suppress anger or anxiety
may suffer more than their fair share of patdowns. That’s why Ekman is more interested
in training people, citing Israel’s example of relying on highly trained personnel to spot
suspicious passengers.
Paragraph 7.
5.7.
If microexpression software doesn’t make it as a security technology, it’s got promise
in medicine - doctors are testing it to monitor patients for signs of pain and to evaluate facial
nerve damage. And get ready for market researchers interested in recording your twitches
in response to television commercials. They might finally discover what you really think,
even if it isn’t polite.
Adapted from: Newsweek 9 June, 2003
Which paragraph
Number
of paragraph (1-7)
5.8. jokingly hints at a possibility of invading people’s privacy?
5.9. suggests what attributes a successful law-enforcement officer
should combine?
5.10. reveals what the idea of microexpressions is all about?
5.11. mentions both present and future technology?
5.12. implies that studying microexpressions could be used
to the advantage of the suffering person?
5.13. shows that Ekman’s work is officially recognised?
TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!
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Official CKE answer key found in corpus at arkusze/jezyk-angielski-2005-maj-matura-dwujezyczna-odpowiedzi-2 (matura.lol's automatic pairing missed it). Heading matching: 5.1 C (A SUBTLER OPTION), 5.2 G (FROM IDEA TO PRACTICE), 5.3 B (DIGITAL INTERROGATION), 5.4 A (COUNTING THE ALMOST IMPERCEPTIBLE), 5.5 F (FINDING POINTS TO PONDER), 5.6 H (MAN'S FINAL SAY), 5.7 E (NOT ONLY SECURITY-BOUND). (D 'INFALLIBLE SOFTWARE' is the extra, unused heading.) Paragraph-number questions: 5.8 -> paragraph 7 (market researchers/TV commercials joke). 5.9 -> paragraph 5 (seeing inconsistencies + measured judgement, gifted instincts). 5.10 -> paragraph 1 (Newberry, Ekman coins 'microexpressions'). 5.11 -> paragraph 3 (current kiosks + future airport-security system). 5.12 -> paragraph 7 (medicine, monitoring patients for pain). 5.13 -> paragraph 2 (Defense Department/CIA funding Ekman's research).
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