Zadanie 10. (5 pkt)
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BODY SUFFERS AGEING SYMPTOMS WITH TOO LITTLE SLEEP
Sacrificing sleep to longer working hours and nights on the town could bring about
changes in the body similar to ageing, according to new medical research.
10.1. Although the study was small - 11 young men aged between 18 and 27 took
part - it found "striking changes" in the way their bodies functioned.
Chicago-based scientists found that successive nights of four hours' sleep affected the
metabolism and hormonal functioning of the body. These changes "resemble some of the
hallmarks of ageing". The scientists suggest that chronic sleep loss could increase the severity
of age-related diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. 10.2. Their
volunteers biologically performed better when they had slept for more than eight hours.
Scientists from the department of medicine at the university of Chicago notice that it has
become common for people to cut back on their sleep. 10.3. Many shift workers
sleep an average of five hours a night on working days. The 11 young men slept eight hours
a night for three nights, then four hours for six nights and then spent 12 hours a night in bed
for a further week to recover from the sleep debt. 10.4. "Less than one week of
sleep curtailment in healthy young people is associated with striking changes in metabolic and
hormonal function," the scientists say. Sleep debt "could have long-term negative effects on
health. We suspect that chronic sleep loss may not only speed up the onset but could also
increase the severity of age-related diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and
memory loss."
Tests showed that the volunteers underwent profound changes in glucose metabolism
during sleep deprivation, in some cases resembling patients with diabetes. 10.5.
Their ability to produce and respond to insulin fell by about 30%. A similar decrease in
insulin response is an early warning of diabetes. Sleep deprivation also increased blood levels
of the stress hormone cortisol, which is typical of much older people. All these abnormalities
faded away during the recovery period, when the volunteers spent 12 hours in bed.
Adapted from: The Guardian, October 22, 1999
5
Arkusz II
A. What is considered as normal average sleep duration has decreased from about nine hours
a night in 1910 to about 7.5 hours now.
B. At the peak of sleep loss they took 40% longer than normal to regulate their blood sugar
levels after a high carbohydrate meal.
C. However, most of the volunteers enjoyed participating in the research and did not
complain.
D. The six nights of little sleep had a noticeable effect on their bodies.
E. They also suggest that young, healthy adults may need more than the standard night's
sleep.
F. A study of the effects on the body of the sort of sleep-debt that is increasingly common at
the end of the 20th century has had startling results.
PRZENIEŚ ROZWIĄZANIE NA KARTĘ ODPOWIEDZI!
6
Arkusz II
Odpowiedź na podstawie oficjalnego modelu odpowiedzi CKE (plik 'jezyk-angielski-2005-maj-matura-rozszerzona-odpowiedzi-2' - Model odpowiedzi i schemat oceniania do Arkusza II). Zadanie 10 ("Body Suffers Ageing Symptoms With Too Little Sleep" - brakujące zdania A-F): 10.1 = F, 10.2 = E, 10.3 = A, 10.4 = D, 10.5 = B.
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