{"id":"jezyk-angielski-2006-maj-matura-dwujezyczna-2/zad/5","paper_id":"jezyk-angielski-2006-maj-matura-dwujezyczna-2","number":"5","points":12,"ptype":"closed","subject":"jezyk-angielski","category":"matura","year":2006,"month":"maj","level":null,"text":"Task 5. (12 points)\nRead the article and answer the questions in the table (5.1.-5.12.) by choosing\nthe corresponding paragraph and putting the appropriate letter (A-F) into each box.\nSome of the paragraphs may be chosen more than once.\nFor each correct answer you will be given 1 point.\nA. The prehistory of London invites endless speculation and there is a certain pleasure to be\nderived from the prospect of human settlement in areas where, many thousands of years\nlater, streets would be laid out and houses erected. There is no doubt that the region has\nbeen continually occupied for at least fifteen thousand years. A great gathering of flint\ntools, excavated in Southwark, is assumed to mark the remains of a Mesolithic\nmanufactory; a hunting camp of the same period has been discovered upon Hampstead\nHeath; a pottery bowl from the Neolithic period was unearthed in Clapham.\nOn these ancient sites have been found pits and post-holes, as well as human remains\nand evidence of feasting.\nB. In the late Neolithic period there appeared, from the generally marshy soil\non the northern bank of the Thames, twin hills covered by gravel and brick-earth,\nsurrounded by sedge and willow. They were forty to fifty feet in height, and were divided\nby a valley through which flowed a stream. We know them as Cornhill and Ludgate Hill,\nwith the now buried Walbrook running between. Thus emerged London.\nC. The name is assumed to be of Celtic origin, awkward for those who believe that there\nwas no human settlement here before the Romans built their city. Its actual meaning,\nhowever, is disputed. It might be derived from Llyn-don, the town or stronghold (don)\nby the lake or stream (Llyn); but this owes more to medieval Welsh than ancient Celtic.\nIts provenance might be Laindon, “long hill,” or the Gaelic lunnd, “marsh.”\nOne of the more intriguing speculations, given the reputation for violence which\nLondoners were later to acquire, is that the name is derived from the Celtic adjective\nlondos meaning “fierce”.\nD. We must not necessarily assume that there were settlements or defended enclosures upon\nLudgate Hill or Cornhill, or that there were wooden trackways where there are now great\navenues, but the attractions of the site might have been as obvious in the third and fourth\nmillennia BC as they were to the later Celts and Romans. The hills were well defended,\nforming a natural plateau, with the river to the south, fens to the north, marshes\nto the east, and another river, later known as the Fleet, to the west. It was fertile ground,\nwell watered by springs bubbling up through the gravel. The Thames was easily\nnavigable at this point, with the Fleet and the Walbrook providing natural harbours.\nThe ancient trackways of England were also close at hand. So from earliest times London\nwas the most appropriate site for trade, for markets, and for barter. The City has for much\nof its history been the centre of world commerce; it is perhaps instructive to note\nthat it may have begun with the transactions of Stone Age people in their own markets.\nArkusz II\n3\nE. All this is speculation, not altogether uninformed, but evidence of a more substantial kind\nhas been discovered in later levels of London earth. In those long stretches of time\ndesignated as the “Late Bronze Age” and the “Early Iron Age” - a period spanning\nalmost a thousand years - shards and fragments of bowls, and pots, and tools, were left\nall over London. From the Thames itself many hundreds of metal objects have been\nretrieved, while along its banks is to be found frequent evidence of metal-working.\nThis is the period from which the great early legends of London spring. It is also, in its\nlatter phase, the age of the Celts.\nF. In the first century BC, Julius Caesar’s description of the region around London suggests\nthe presence of an elaborate, rich and well-organised tribal civilisation. Its population was\n“exceedingly large” and “the ground thickly studded with homesteads.” The nature\nand role of the twin hills throughout this period cannot with certainty be given; perhaps\nthese were sacred places, or perhaps their well-defined position allowed them to be used\nas hill-forts in order to protect the trade carried along the river. There is every reason\nto suppose that this area of the Thames was a centre of commerce and of industry,\nwith a market in iron products as well as elaborate workings in bronze, with merchants\nfrom Gaul, Rome and Spain bringing Samian ware, wine and spices in exchange for corn,\nmetals and slaves.\nadapted from: London by Peter Ackroyd, 2001\nWhich paragraph\nParagraph\n(A-F)\n5.1. includes linguistic speculations concerning London?\n5.2. speculates on the possible religious importance of the area around\nwhich London grew?\n5.3. gives reasons why the river was a good waterway?\n5.4. suggests how the famous financial district may have started?\n5.5. points to the origin of some of the stories about London?\n5.6. speculates about the trait that characterized the city inhabitants?\n5.7. indicates that the number of inhabitants in the London area was\nrather impressive?\n5.8. enumerates names of places where archaeological findings were\nmade?\n5.9. expresses the author’s uncertainty as to whether in the past people\nhad already built fortified places in the region?\n5.10. lists regions with which the inhabitants of London had economic\nties?\n5.11. provides the exact location around which London was founded?\n5.12. presents geographical reasons for the development of the city?\nTRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!\nArkusz II\n4","answer":null,"answer_text":null,"solution":null,"image":"img/jezyk-angielski-2006-maj-matura-dwujezyczna-2/zad-5.webp","solution_image":null,"topics":null,"page_from":2,"source":"ocr","answer_source":null,"answer_text_source":null,"solution_source":null,"text_source":"ocr","source_label":"Język angielski · Matura · maj 2006","subject_label":"Język angielski","category_label":"Matura","text_html":"

Task 5. (12 points)
Read the article and answer the questions in the table (5.1.-5.12.) by choosing
the corresponding paragraph and putting the appropriate letter (A-F) into each box.
Some of the paragraphs may be chosen more than once.
For each correct answer you will be given 1 point.
A. The prehistory of London invites endless speculation and there is a certain pleasure to be
derived from the prospect of human settlement in areas where, many thousands of years
later, streets would be laid out and houses erected. There is no doubt that the region has
been continually occupied for at least fifteen thousand years. A great gathering of flint
tools, excavated in Southwark, is assumed to mark the remains of a Mesolithic
manufactory; a hunting camp of the same period has been discovered upon Hampstead
Heath; a pottery bowl from the Neolithic period was unearthed in Clapham.
On these ancient sites have been found pits and post-holes, as well as human remains
and evidence of feasting.
B. In the late Neolithic period there appeared, from the generally marshy soil
on the northern bank of the Thames, twin hills covered by gravel and brick-earth,
surrounded by sedge and willow. They were forty to fifty feet in height, and were divided
by a valley through which flowed a stream. We know them as Cornhill and Ludgate Hill,
with the now buried Walbrook running between. Thus emerged London.
C. The name is assumed to be of Celtic origin, awkward for those who believe that there
was no human settlement here before the Romans built their city. Its actual meaning,
however, is disputed. It might be derived from Llyn-don, the town or stronghold (don)
by the lake or stream (Llyn); but this owes more to medieval Welsh than ancient Celtic.
Its provenance might be Laindon, “long hill,” or the Gaelic lunnd, “marsh.”
One of the more intriguing speculations, given the reputation for violence which
Londoners were later to acquire, is that the name is derived from the Celtic adjective
londos meaning “fierce”.
D. We must not necessarily assume that there were settlements or defended enclosures upon
Ludgate Hill or Cornhill, or that there were wooden trackways where there are now great
avenues, but the attractions of the site might have been as obvious in the third and fourth
millennia BC as they were to the later Celts and Romans. The hills were well defended,
forming a natural plateau, with the river to the south, fens to the north, marshes
to the east, and another river, later known as the Fleet, to the west. It was fertile ground,
well watered by springs bubbling up through the gravel. The Thames was easily
navigable at this point, with the Fleet and the Walbrook providing natural harbours.
The ancient trackways of England were also close at hand. So from earliest times London
was the most appropriate site for trade, for markets, and for barter. The City has for much
of its history been the centre of world commerce; it is perhaps instructive to note
that it may have begun with the transactions of Stone Age people in their own markets.
Arkusz II
3
E. All this is speculation, not altogether uninformed, but evidence of a more substantial kind
has been discovered in later levels of London earth. In those long stretches of time
designated as the “Late Bronze Age” and the “Early Iron Age” - a period spanning
almost a thousand years - shards and fragments of bowls, and pots, and tools, were left
all over London. From the Thames itself many hundreds of metal objects have been
retrieved, while along its banks is to be found frequent evidence of metal-working.
This is the period from which the great early legends of London spring. It is also, in its
latter phase, the age of the Celts.
F. In the first century BC, Julius Caesar’s description of the region around London suggests
the presence of an elaborate, rich and well-organised tribal civilisation. Its population was
“exceedingly large” and “the ground thickly studded with homesteads.” The nature
and role of the twin hills throughout this period cannot with certainty be given; perhaps
these were sacred places, or perhaps their well-defined position allowed them to be used
as hill-forts in order to protect the trade carried along the river. There is every reason
to suppose that this area of the Thames was a centre of commerce and of industry,
with a market in iron products as well as elaborate workings in bronze, with merchants
from Gaul, Rome and Spain bringing Samian ware, wine and spices in exchange for corn,
metals and slaves.
adapted from: London by Peter Ackroyd, 2001
Which paragraph
Paragraph
(A-F)
5.1. includes linguistic speculations concerning London?
5.2. speculates on the possible religious importance of the area around
which London grew?
5.3. gives reasons why the river was a good waterway?
5.4. suggests how the famous financial district may have started?
5.5. points to the origin of some of the stories about London?
5.6. speculates about the trait that characterized the city inhabitants?
5.7. indicates that the number of inhabitants in the London area was
rather impressive?
5.8. enumerates names of places where archaeological findings were
made?
5.9. expresses the author’s uncertainty as to whether in the past people
had already built fortified places in the region?
5.10. lists regions with which the inhabitants of London had economic
ties?
5.11. provides the exact location around which London was founded?
5.12. presents geographical reasons for the development of the city?
TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!
Arkusz II
4

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