Zadanie 1. (2,5 pkt)
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Some of the most loaded words in language are those associated with the way society
talks about itself, and especially about groups of people whom it perceives to be
less 1.1. (FORTUNE) or oppressed. The most sensitive domains are to
do with gender and race. During the 1980s, an increasing number of people tried to avoid
using 1.2. (OFFEND) words or terms which might be treated as such.
Critics of the trend, which is often referred to as political correctness, argue that
the search for a ‘caring’ lexicon is 1.3. (POINT), as long as
the situation which the language reflects does not change. It is not as easy to manipulate
language as the reformers think. 1.4. (SATISFACTION) with one term
tends to spread to the new word, as has been seen with such sequences as Negro, which
became black, then Afro-American, which was finally replaced by African-American.
In the early 1990s, many people reacted strongly to what they saw as a trend towards
terminological absurdity. One 1.5. (CRITICISE) of the practice of
political correctness is that it threatens the freedom of speech.
Adapted from: “The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language” by David Crystal
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