{"id":"jezyk-angielski-2016-maj-matura-dwujezyczna/zad/5","paper_id":"jezyk-angielski-2016-maj-matura-dwujezyczna","number":"5","points":null,"ptype":"closed","subject":"jezyk-angielski","category":"matura","year":2016,"month":"maj","level":null,"text":"TASK 5. (0-4)\nRead the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap\n(5.1.-5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A-E) in each\ngap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use.\nAMBER CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE\nThe Etruscans prized amber as highly as gold. The Greeks mythologized it as the tears\nof Apollo’s daughters, solidified when they cried for their brother. Cultures stretching from\nCentral America to the Far East, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, have used it both\nas a powerful medicine and as a medium for exquisite jewellery and fine works of art.\nToday, scientists value amber even more than artists. 5.1. And unlike ordinary fossils,\nwhich are relatively crude rock molds of prehistoric life forms, these specimens are often\nperfectly preserved, with the most delicate features intact.\nRecently David Grimaldi, an entomologist of New York City’s Museum of Natural History,\nhas announced a discovery he calls ‘scientifically the most important of all amber fossils’.\n5.2. That makes them the oldest intact plants ever found in a piece of amber,\nand an important clue to the origin of the plants that now dominate the earth.\nThe resin that eventually turns into amber comes from a variety of ancient trees, mostly\nconifers, including pines and extinct relatives of sequoias and cedars, but also some deciduous\ntrees. It probably evolved as a defense against wood-boring insects. As it dripped down\nthe bark, it acted like flypaper and encapsulated them, hermetically sealing the trees’ wounds\nat the same time. Apart from these creatures, which must have been its target, the resin would\nalso trap anything else that happened to stumble into it. 5.3. Thanks to this abundance\nof samples surely some important insights into the workings of natural selection can be\nrevealed.\nAs anybody who has seen the film Jurassic Park knows, plants and animals sealed in amber\nare a potential source of prehistoric DNA. Scientists have extracted genetic material from,\namong other things, a 17 million-year-old magnolia and a 120 million-year-old beetle.\nYet, no serious biologist believes it will ever be possible to clone a dinosaur from just a few\nbits of DNA. Even so excellent a preservative as amber apparently can’t keep DNA from\nbreaking down into fragments that may be scientifically interesting but are biologically inert.\n5.4. One thing is certain, though. Whereas for artists any piece of amber is an uncut\ngem, for scientists only ones with a sample of a prehistoric life form trapped inside are\nexciting.\nadapted from Time, 2006\nMAD-1A\nA. He claims that the specimens found are exquisite. It is a sample with three tiny buds,\nprobably from an oak tree, that date to the age when dinosaurs walked the continent.\nB. Why is it so? Trapped within translucent, usually gold-coloured tree resin are some of\nthe most ancient examples of certain species known to science: the oldest ants, moths,\nstingless bees and caterpillars, some of them dating back tens of millions of years.\nC. Some trees fell and ended up buried in these soft sediments accumulated at the bottom of\nstill bodies of water. There, over millions of years, the molecules of resin gradually\namalgamated into long, durable chains, creating a material remarkably similar to plastic.\nD. That’s one reason why many researchers doubt the claims of California scientists who\nannounced last year that they had managed to retrieve bacteria preserved in amber\nfor 25 million years.\nE. Rotten luck for them, but extraordinary good fortune for evolutionary biologists.\nIn one major deposit - a site in New Jersey whose location is closely guarded - a team of\nvolunteers have found nearly 100 previously unknown ancient species of plants and\nanimals.\nTRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!\nMAD-1A","answer":null,"answer_text":"5.\npodsumowanie\n: właściwe\ni adekwatne\ndo tematu\nzakończenie\nwypowiedzi\nR\nA\nL\nzakończenie zgodne\nz tematem oraz treścią\nwypowiedzi; jeżeli\nzdający powtarza wstęp -\nczyni to innymi słowami\nzakończenie nie jest w pełni\npoprawne, np. jest zgodne\nz tematem ALBO treścią\nwypowiedzi; odbiega trochę od\ntematu LUB treści wypowiedzi;\nzdający stosuje zakończenie\nschematyczne (sztampowe) LUB\npowtarza wstęp praktycznie tymi\nsamymi słowami\nbrak zakończenia LUB\nzakończenie nie jest\nkomunikatywne LUB\nzakończenie jest jedynie\nluźno związane z tematem\noraz treścią wypowiedzi","solution":null,"image":"img/jezyk-angielski-2016-maj-matura-dwujezyczna/zad-5.webp","solution_image":null,"topics":null,"page_from":8,"source":"ocr","answer_source":null,"answer_text_source":"ocr","solution_source":null,"text_source":"ocr","source_label":"Język angielski · Matura · maj 2016","subject_label":"Język angielski","category_label":"Matura","text_html":"

TASK 5. (0-4)
Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap
(5.1.-5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A-E) in each
gap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use.
AMBER CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE
The Etruscans prized amber as highly as gold. The Greeks mythologized it as the tears
of Apollo’s daughters, solidified when they cried for their brother. Cultures stretching from
Central America to the Far East, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, have used it both
as a powerful medicine and as a medium for exquisite jewellery and fine works of art.
Today, scientists value amber even more than artists. 5.1. And unlike ordinary fossils,
which are relatively crude rock molds of prehistoric life forms, these specimens are often
perfectly preserved, with the most delicate features intact.
Recently David Grimaldi, an entomologist of New York City’s Museum of Natural History,
has announced a discovery he calls ‘scientifically the most important of all amber fossils’.
5.2. That makes them the oldest intact plants ever found in a piece of amber,
and an important clue to the origin of the plants that now dominate the earth.
The resin that eventually turns into amber comes from a variety of ancient trees, mostly
conifers, including pines and extinct relatives of sequoias and cedars, but also some deciduous
trees. It probably evolved as a defense against wood-boring insects. As it dripped down
the bark, it acted like flypaper and encapsulated them, hermetically sealing the trees’ wounds
at the same time. Apart from these creatures, which must have been its target, the resin would
also trap anything else that happened to stumble into it. 5.3. Thanks to this abundance
of samples surely some important insights into the workings of natural selection can be
revealed.
As anybody who has seen the film Jurassic Park knows, plants and animals sealed in amber
are a potential source of prehistoric DNA. Scientists have extracted genetic material from,
among other things, a 17 million-year-old magnolia and a 120 million-year-old beetle.
Yet, no serious biologist believes it will ever be possible to clone a dinosaur from just a few
bits of DNA. Even so excellent a preservative as amber apparently can’t keep DNA from
breaking down into fragments that may be scientifically interesting but are biologically inert.
5.4. One thing is certain, though. Whereas for artists any piece of amber is an uncut
gem, for scientists only ones with a sample of a prehistoric life form trapped inside are
exciting.
adapted from Time, 2006
MAD-1A
A. He claims that the specimens found are exquisite. It is a sample with three tiny buds,
probably from an oak tree, that date to the age when dinosaurs walked the continent.
B. Why is it so? Trapped within translucent, usually gold-coloured tree resin are some of
the most ancient examples of certain species known to science: the oldest ants, moths,
stingless bees and caterpillars, some of them dating back tens of millions of years.
C. Some trees fell and ended up buried in these soft sediments accumulated at the bottom of
still bodies of water. There, over millions of years, the molecules of resin gradually
amalgamated into long, durable chains, creating a material remarkably similar to plastic.
D. That’s one reason why many researchers doubt the claims of California scientists who
announced last year that they had managed to retrieve bacteria preserved in amber
for 25 million years.
E. Rotten luck for them, but extraordinary good fortune for evolutionary biologists.
In one major deposit - a site in New Jersey whose location is closely guarded - a team of
volunteers have found nearly 100 previously unknown ancient species of plants and
animals.
TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!
MAD-1A

","answer_text_html":"

5.
podsumowanie
: właściwe
i adekwatne
do tematu
zakończenie
wypowiedzi
R
A
L
zakończenie zgodne
z tematem oraz treścią
wypowiedzi; jeżeli
zdający powtarza wstęp -
czyni to innymi słowami
zakończenie nie jest w pełni
poprawne, np. jest zgodne
z tematem ALBO treścią
wypowiedzi; odbiega trochę od
tematu LUB treści wypowiedzi;
zdający stosuje zakończenie
schematyczne (sztampowe) LUB
powtarza wstęp praktycznie tymi
samymi słowami
brak zakończenia LUB
zakończenie nie jest
komunikatywne LUB
zakończenie jest jedynie
luźno związane z tematem
oraz treścią wypowiedzi

","solutions":[]}